Institutional Affiliation

Terrorism within our borders was not something that people thought of daily if ever. Radio advertisements that instructed us on how to talk to our children about terrorist attacks, as though it were similar to a tornado warning, is not something that I anticipated in my lifetime. The atrocity that occurred on 9/11 is not something that is supposed to happen here, but it did. We are challenged by the infiltration of immigrants to our country, whether legal or illegal. Our citizens are fearful of the future attacks that are threatened and at times the very presence of the Arab population within our communities.International terrorism threatens the United States, its allies, and the world community. Defeating the terrorist enemy requires sound policies, united government effort, and international cooperation. In light of that, it is difficult to remember as you board an airplane with six Arab passengers, that we live in the â€Å"melting pot. † America was founded on freedoms, fr eedom of speech and freedom of religion, to name a few. How do we, as a country, monitor and measure our safety, while ensuring the freedoms that are afforded our citizens? How do we deal with the threat of terrorism within our own borders?Can we provide safety by simply following the laws of our country? As a senior counter-terrorism official, it is my responsibility to ensure the safety of our communities. Local law enforcement plays a critical role in enhancing the safety in communities. Communication links between local law enforcement and state and federal government will further the effectiveness of this program. It will be my responsibility to encourage local law enforcement in their fight against terrorism. We do not have the right to intrude on the religious activities of Arabs or anyone else within our communities without just cause.Defining terrorism in a country based on freedoms is a difficult task. Our country’s downfall is we have still not attempted to deal wi th or identify the causes of terrorism. We must identify the cause and the potential activities which threaten our society. The problem of terrorism–the problem of a relatively small number of violent lawbreakers who have set out to undermine our democratic way of life and seek either to blackmail the government through violence or the threat of violence to comply with their demands, or to overthrow the government entirely. We should all think about what kind of country we want to live in.To be truly patriotic means recognizing our responsibilities to uphold the democratic principles which make this the freest nation on Earth. It is important to remember that the opening words of the Constitution are `We the People' not `I the People. ‘ Being a citizen in a democracy means that you can't organize your own private army because you disagree with the actions of the democratically elected government. We need to focus on restorative justice. Restorative justice is grounded i n the focus on the harm created, not simply on the breach of law. This means that the first priority isunderstanding and responding to the needs of victims and the healing of victims. The direct victims are the primary focus, but everyone else who has been touched by the crime is also involved, including the community as a whole. To address the harm to victims, restorative justice believes that we must affirm moral responsibility and the need for accountability on the part of those who have done the harm. Restorative justice sees the past in the context of the present and the future, looking at: * what accountability is needed to address the harm to the victims; * what accountability would provide the offender the opportunity to dorestitution or reparation or whatever needs to be done to address the harm created; and * what accountability is needed for the restoration of community, including the restoration of the victim and the offender into community. Such accountability assumes t he need for safety. This involves the whole community taking responsibility for the victims as well as the offender, including seeing everyone in a human context that is broader than just the moment of the crime. Finally, restorative justice is about the engagement of all parties, including the larger community, in working towards healingthe harm and the creation of community, a community that includes both the victims and the offenders. Within our communities, it is critical that we appropriately monitor the business of individuals who have been associated or are believed to be associated with known terrorists. There are already procedures in place to monitor the actions of these individuals. It would not be appropriate to infiltrate communities on the basis of race, unless there are specific ties to known terrorists. Ethically, homeland security is responsible for the safety of all individuals within ourborders and cannot pick and choose based on race. Known terrorists, whether Am erican born or a foreign national, once captured should all receive the same treatment and rights. Recent actions of military in Iraq and elsewhere, if interpreted by the Iraqi people, may give rise to the belief that Americans are in fact the terrorists. The torture of Iraqi captives and the outright murder of innocent Iraqi civilians could lead one to believe that we are no better than Al Queda. We do not have the right to torture terrorists in order to gain information. Effective counterterrorism should take the form of prevention.We need to neutralize the terrorist organization by weakening it or making potential targets more difficult to attack. After the attacks of 9/11, an important distinction was drawn between the U. S. argument that an attack on Afghan soil was legitimate because of the Taliban's close and supportive relationship with al Qaeda and the more extended claim, that one nation could launch an attack within another nation's sovereign territory, even if there was no state support for terrorists acting within the borders.If evidence is present that a particular state has intentionally supported global terrorism and continues to do so, the case can be made for armed force to avoid future terrorist attacks within the framework of the just war tradition. A state linked to support of terrorism against another nation is engaged in a war of aggression. Any country that is the object of terrorist attacks has a right to defend itself. In effect, the case against the Taliban was not intervention for regime change but a war of self-defense against a government that was directly complicit in terrorist attacks. (Himes, 2004) The attack on Iraq does not meet the criteria of Just War.President Bush and his advisors presented a case for armed intervention in order to stop the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. Concern that enemies might use such weapons has fueled the new debate. The United States declared its willingness to initiate attacks upon adversaries it considers to be threatening. Anti-Americanism is alive and well in all parts of the world. Within our own borders, Anti-Americanism is not as widespread as is the disillusionment with our own government. It is not the foundations of America that are at issue, but the interpretation and thus application of our ability to affect the rest of the world.

Ethnic Notions Essay

Ethnic Notions is a documentary directed by Marlon Riggs. The title itself explains what the movie is about-impressions of race. Throughout the documentary, Riggs presents the history of stereotypes and shows how they still exist. In today’s society we have become so accustomed with stereotypes that they are considered normal. The movie Ethnic Notations introduces the problem of stereotypes by explaining their origin and history, giving examples, and showing how they still exist today, so that we are no longer fooled and unaware of stereotyping and racism. During the early and mid 1900’s black people were depicted on television and media as ignorant, ugly, violent and inferior to white people. These negative, degrading and horrible images of black people over time shaped people’s views and thoughts about black people and this was how stereotypes were created. Media used caricatures which are exaggerated representations of people to get racist views across to whit e and black American people. One example of a caricature is The Sambo. The Sambo was a caricature created to depict the black male as being lazy, child like ignorant and care-free making the black male seem more like a child than a male. Another example of a racist caricature is pickaninnies which are black children. Pickaninnies were depicted as ugly kids with rough wooly hair, big eyes, dark black skin, big mouths and bright red lips. Pickaninnies often resembled animals in children cartoons and were viewed as savage by white people. One of the most popular caricatures of the 1900’s is the mammie caricature. The Mammie was an older black woman who took care of the white man’s family. Mammies were shoed as loving mother figures who were fat black and unattractive. Mammies were created to show that some blacks were happy as slaves and loved black people. These stereotypes were disturbing, degrading and in most cases poor representations of black people. It saddens me how whites could think so low of black people or any other human being at all. Sadly stereotypes still exist today in television, media and society. One stereotype I feel definitely still exist today ids the Sambo stereotype although there are great black actors that play dramatic roles most black men in the media are still shown as being careless and immature. However not all stereotypes today are exactly the same as the caricatures from the 20th century but a new modern version. For example instead of black women being depicted as unattractive mammies on television, they are now ghetto loud and un-lady like. Sometimes I even find myself acting out a stereotype, like being loud or cursing in public. After watching Ethnic Notions I feel like stereotypes are too deeply rooted in Americas culture to ever be completely gone. Although this conclusion is unfortunate I do believe that we could make people believe in stereotypes less and less through media, by depicting blacks in a more positive light.

How to Prepare for a Part in a Play? Essay

Essay 3: All of the actors, whether they are professional or just amateur ones, always reckon that preparation in a play is half a battle in making sure of doing the part well. This step helps the actor know in depth about the script and his character as well as brings him opportunity to practise carefully on his own. If you want to make it successfully, you must always go through three main stages below. First of all, read the script as much as possible, at least 3 times. It does not mean that you must learn by heart the whole script, but understand it, discover what is hidden or not yet revealed. The more you comprehend the script, the more easily you do your part. That is due to the character is a part of story and his thinking, his behavior are totally based on the story. Therefore, let’s try to pay your attention to all scene discriptions, ask yourself why, when and where for every event. Even you can take notes on a separate sheet of paper about all the characters. If you do so, you will have an overview of the whole screenplay. The next stage is analysing your character in all aspects. You must study his behaviors, his words as well as his style of dressing or working. More specifically, you have to hear and see the characters in their immediacy, and to always remain open and sensitive not only to what they do and say but what is implied by what they do and say. When one reads from â€Å"inside the story world†, rather than as an unwilling or gawking spectator, one intersects and interacts with the characters at approximately the same emotional depth at which they are operating. Let’s take yourself in the place of your character, try to ask yourself why, when, where for every his action. Once you have a thorough grasp of your part, you can make the last stage. An English saying:†Practice makes perfect† and in case of preparing for a part, this statement is totally right. You have analysed both script and character, but that is not enough. You must have a process of practice what you had acquired through the last two stages. You should speak out loud the dialogues combining with using the body language and the expression of your face. Expressing the part as if you are the character, or rather you must forget all about who you are temporarily. You may ask others for considering your way of playing. By this external way, you will realise what your weak points are to improve more effectively. Finally, I am sure that you are totally ready for doing your part well. Taking all the above into account, we can see that prepare for a part in a play includes three stages which require you so much arduous effort. But it is not difficult at all if you have a real passion for acting the play and follow three steps in the right way. The more carefully you prepare, the better you do your part. Your preparation is a firm basis for your success in making a strong impression with spectators.

Topic summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Topic summary - Essay Example The guidance on entrepreneurship is not too easy to find. While there would be loads of material on the subject, it is important to remember that companies do not share the same developmental path as small entrepreneurs do. Most entrepreneurs thus learn by doing work. Sometimes this learning may come the hard way (Bhide). The entrepreneur’s mindset differs from the administrative culture of big organizations on account of strategic orientation, commitment of resources, control of resources and management structure (Bhide). One of the biggest challenges for entrepreneurs is raising funds. It takes some doing to convince the venture capitalists to fund the startup. Venture capitalists are experienced and have the prudence to separate the wheat from the chaff. Claims like ‘key employees will join us as soon as we get funded’ or ‘we are about to sign a deal with Amazon shortly’ do not cut ice with the venture capitalists. Entrepreneurs are happy with the ‘Chinese soda syndrome’ which suggests that even if one percent of the people of China, the most populous nation in the world, drink soda, the market would be huge. The investors however want to put money in a venture that has the potency to attain a top dog position (Kawasaki). For many entrepreneurs, person al savings become the most significant source of funding their startup (Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation). A simple framework to successfully tackle big issues is to define goals, adopt the right strategy and then execute it to perfection. Entrepreneurs should set realistic goals keeping in mind the resources they have and the risk they are willing to take (Bhide). Big companies prefer to stay with what is familiar. They tend to avoid unchartered territories (Stevenson and Gumpert). This is where the opportunity lies for entrepreneurs. The mantra of success in entrepreneurship is tapping a niche market. Entrepreneurs should adopt the by-pass strategy in case they intend to compete with

Antitrust Practices and Market Power Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Antitrust Practices and Market Power - Essay Example Standard oil firm counts among one of the firms that was investigated on the antitrust act. The firm has an oligopoly structure dominated by small number of sellers. The main reason that seeked to investigate the firm was to establish whether it posed a barrier for other companies’ entry into the market. With the expansion of oil across the globe, the oil factories were involved in poor disposal of waste products into the water system and adoption of poor methods of oil distribution. For instance, it was observed that oil could be passed through leaked pipes which posed a great danger to the society. The establishment of the oil company firm was to see an improvement in the field of oil and refinery. As a natural monopoly company, it developed proper infrastructure within the American region which could see proper distribution and proper disposal of oil without causing any damage to the environment. This saw it rise above other companies in a quest to benefit the economy (Utto n, 2003). In the case of the oil company, the court adopted Sherman Antitrust act so as to regulate the monopoly. This act was coined by John Sherman viewed to be an appropriate for prevention of abusive monopolies from exploiting the consumers. The standard oil firm was estimated to be in control of about 90 percent of oil facilities in America. The oil firm faces imperfect competition as a result of existence in low number of people as prospective sellers. Through government monopoly, power was vested in the American Congress to regulate the economy through tax collection. The main provision of this act was that any person responsible for monopolizing will be held guilty and so be subjected to punishment. The year 1911, the Supreme Court in America established that standard oil company was structural monopoly that was responsible for taking part in unfair practices in the field of business (Utton, 2003). Monopolies are believed to have originated during the colonial period of admi nistration. This case saw huge companies and firms in the United States endowed with the responsibility of receiving huge contracts deals. Monopolies can be seen in form of capitalism characterized by lack of competition; this eventually leads to high fluctuation of products prices and poor quality products. For instance, monopoly is known to supply at a very low output and charging higher prices for its products which may eventually lead to a dead weight loss in the society. In this regard, it will seek to maximize its economic profits and take control of the market demand curve. Monopolies are also at a very better place of enjoying the economies of scale which comes as a result of production of goods in large quantities. In this essence, there are tendencies to be a decline in cost of production resulting to increase in monopolies profits. It has been cited that the loss in economic welfare that arises from exploitation of monopoly power has made the government to take upon some measures in order to regulate some monopolies (Wall et al 1988). In other cases some firms that practiced monopoly were able to rise to power since they had positive effect on the economy of the American government. It was estimated that some of the profits gained through monopolists were used to conduct a research viewed to be beneficial to the society. Through research, consumers were able to learn more about the products that were being sold in the monopoly market and the benefits

The Dangers Of Cell Phones For Human Health Essay

The Dangers Of Cell Phones For Human Health - Essay Example Supporters of cell phones say that cell phones provide us with a number of facilities, such as ease of communication, neighborhood crime watch, use in emergencies, and use as reminders. However, there also exist some risks regarding the use of cell phones. Some of the risks include road accidents, increased number of crimes, and weakening of eardrums. Today, almost every person keeps a cell phone in the car while traveling because a cell phone has become one of the major necessities of life. Use of cell phone while driving may result in slower braking reactions, slower reactions to traffic signals, and difficulties in making quick decisions. If we compare the ratio of road accidents that used to occur in a year before the 2000s with today, we come to know that the ratio of road accidents due to use of cell phones during driving has been increased by 75 to 80 percent approximately. â€Å"In a study done in April 2006, it was found that 80% of car crashes involved the driver not paying attention right before the accident† (Russell). The reason is that cell phones distract the driver’s attention, which results in road accidents. â€Å"According to several resources, every year, about 21% critical vehicle crashes happen due to cellphone use and require teens among age party 16 to 19 ages† (He). Supporters of cell phones say that cell phones do not take much attention of the users; rather they make people more responsible as they have to take care of themselves and other people while on road. However, this viewpoint is very illogical because accidents just need a little negligence to occur and that negligence can take place at any stage of cell phone use. Cell phones also create risks for health. Excessive use of cell phones can affect our eardrums and can cause skin cancer as well. Today, a large number of young adults use a hands-free system to hear songs from their cell phones.

Statement of purpose Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Statement of purpose - Essay Example Working as a creative artist for an events management company and then as an accounts executive in an advertising agency, my career prospects have been hopefully bright. This experience has inspired me to further my knowledge of the complex business world by pursuing an MBA course of study with greater emphasis on international business strategy. I fervently hope that the level of expertise and intelligence obtained from an MBA program of study specifically from California State University, Los Angeles, could help me become a professional business executive capable of successfully piecing together the vast puzzle of literature on the subject of international business to arrive at convincing solutions. I am confident I have a highly appropriate academic background as shown by my current level of education to join the community of scholars in your prestigious MBA program. While in college, I participated in diverse extra and intra-curricular activities that allowed me to develop my creative capabilities in designing and executing highly ambitious marketing campaigns. Further I am also interested in marketing research that has a broader applicatory significance in multicultural societies. I was attracted by the very seminal and the broader perspective-centric nature of the contents of the MBA program of study at the California State University, Los Angeles. To be sure it’s not only an academic qualification that I am interested in. In fact I am looking for a significant experience in an enriching academic environment. In other words what I have been fundamentally attracted towards in the CSU, Los Angeles is the very curriculum content based on enhancing the student’s analytical skills in competitive business environments. I am sure my ambition to be a marketing manager with particular emphasis on brand management strategy would go a long way despite the

Reading commentary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Reading commentary - Essay Example I find his questions on the part that he addresses the issue of â€Å"Holiness† of the church particularly interesting. He asks how a church that has been implicated in many atrocities over the years be declared â€Å"Holy†. He gives example of the church’s support for the torture, slavery, and persecution of Galileo and Giordano Bruno2. To me this is extremely interesting given that during the introductory part of the chapter he uses the story of Saul to explain a view. The story of Saul from the Acts 9:4 that he quotes shows a man who was prosecuting GODs people, but in the end GOD chose and purified him. After Saul getting to know that prosecuting and punishing Christians, he was acting against the will of GOD; he changes and proclaims the Word. Therefore, that quote can be used by Robert Barron to answer his questions about the involvement of the church in the example of persecutions that he gives, instead he chooses not

Risk Management and Investment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words - 1

Risk Management and Investment - Essay Example From the report, it is evident that the performance of the firm is better than the performance of other investment funds. Additionally, various risks come along the portfolios. Consequently, the recommendations reside on the basis that adding, modifying, and excluding some of the investment funds in the portfolio with improve the performance of portfolio. The investment portfolio is aimed at maximizing income located in the United Kingdom. The investment fund comprises of Greggs Plc., Tate & Lyle, Domino Printing Services, JD Sports Fashion PLC, Bellway PLC, William Hill PLC, Beazley PLC, RPC, Group PLC, Huntsworth Plc, CSR Plc., and cash worth 5 million pounds. From the stock 10 of them are securities and only one is 5 million pounds on deposit, which will earn, one per cent since the date inception (Markon 2010). The investment fund is a type of income whose main purpose is to maximize return with very low risk. Therefore, the investment fund needs to invest in securities having stable income like fixed income securities, blue chips, and deposit receipts. Although the growth of the securities is not stable, they are not exposed to various risks. The report discusses the past performance of the investment fund. Thereafter, the paper analyses the risk of the investment fund, which may hinder the fund from achieving income maximization (Fama 1970). Finally, the paper outline crucial and helpful recommendation for the investment portfolio to make sure that the aim of the fund is satisfied. Before the third section, it is assumed that the date of inception is 1st January 2012 and cut off date is 3rd Februrary. Secondly, the paper ignores the changes effect, inflation rate, trade cost, and commission, which the factors will be nil. Thereafter, the return of the investment fund will be lower that the return of the investment fund. Consequently, the inter-bank lending rate of one year represents FTSE

Harassment in workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Harassment in workplace - Essay Example An employee with a minimum of one-year of continuous service can make a claim for an unfair or wrongful dismissal. An employee with less than one-year service can make a claim under common law provisions only. It is to be observed that the wrongful dismissal covers only the compensation of employee’s pay for the notice period. (â€Å"Thavarajah 2008: 57†). In constructive dismissal, there will not any dismissal from the employer. Actually, in such cases, the employee is driven out of his employment due to the scenario at his workplace. (â€Å"Thavarajah 2008: 11†). In Bouzourou v The Ottoman Bank1, Privy Council was of the opinion that an employee to consider himself as being terminated , if his transfer to another place made him vulnerable to disease or expose him to an aggressive peril of violence . (Thavarajah 2008: 10). In Wang Chee Hong v Cathay Organisation, it was held that in case of a transfer, which pushed back the plaintiff to a place of fewer responsi bilities though with the analogues’ conditions where the plaintiff refused to accept that transfer is nothing but a dismissal. Thus, such relegation of accountability with its outcome of frustration and humiliation and loss of reputation among colleagues made it not possible for the plaintiff to continue the service in the organisation and hence, it should be regarded as dismissal. The identical views were also expressed in JF Bumpus v Standard Life Assurance Co Ltd2, Cox v Philips Industries3. (Thavarajah 2008: 11). The constructive unfair dismissal has been explained in Western Excavating (EEC) V Sharp4, where it would be regarded as unfair constructive dismissal if an employer is culpable of infringement, which goes to the very root of the contract or if he had shown an inclination no longer to be accountable by it. In such scenarios, the employee is empowered to consider the contract as ceased and himself being dismissed. In United Bank v Akhtar5, it was held that in a ba nk employee’s service contract stated that he could be transferred to any of its bank branches within the UK, and the employee turned down to move to Birmingham from Leeds branch at a shorter notice and hence resigned from the job and later, she claimed the constructive unfair dismissal. It was held by EAT in this case that the employee had been constructively dismissed, and his demeanour did not warrant that dismissal. (Scrope & Barnett 2008: 211). In Cape Industrial Services Ltd v Ambler6, when considering whether there has been an unfair constructive dismissal, the Court of Appeal was of the view that the following had to be taken into consideration. What were the significant conditions of the contract seemed to be infringed? Whether the details of the breaches have been made out. Whether breaches are fundamental in nature. If so, whether an employee has been driven to resign due to such a breach. Whether the employer has demonstrated any probable fair grounds for the cons tructive dismissals. Whether, in such scenario, the employer has acted unreasonably or reasonably in treating the grounds as an adequate one warranting dismissal. (Scrope & Barnett 2008:211). In Green v DB Group Services (UK) Ltd7, HC, compensation for stress oriented injury can be very liberal and in this case, a bank was held vicariously accountable for a continuous campaign of harassment and bullying witnessed by a female secretary who was awarded damages in excess of ?850,000. (Scrope & Barnet

Extremely Fat and Barely Digesting Junk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Extremely Fat and Barely Digesting Junk - Essay Example   Healthy food is cheaper for consumers, therefore more money remains in savings, living standard increases, healthy way of life can be (and should be) example for the further generation, it means much healthier and tough people. All people know that with a bad fuel car will drive for two or three meters then it will be broken. So the people are, people’s fuel is food and bad food can cause problems with proper digesting since the organism is the system of systems, malfunction of one will ruin others. Proved fact that abusive eating of fast food results in problems with health decreases savings, cultivates the improper way of life and disregards of healthy food. Failure of digesting system (diabetes or obesity) results in the problems with locomotor and endocrine systems and it can lead to fatal outcome. Healthy food provides enough energy for the proper functioning of the organism and human body remains healthy. Spreading of fast food concept can critically affect the society. Increasing of fast food institution taxation will not have the result, such institution will raise costs for favorite American food and they buy it even for enormous prices, it will make people from the low-income class feel the last hold slipping away. One should use other methods of impact; however, such methods will not be discussed in the present paper. The rate of people suffering from obesity and diabetes is constantly sky-rocketing. Understanding of what is healthy, and what is not will help people to fight killing diseases. It needs fundamental changes, and not only in the government, more importantly, to change the mentality. Society should eradicate the concept of eating-on-the-run. The most precious thing in human’s life is health; nothing in the world will help to return health. And junk food is strong means to deprive the health.  

Marriage and Divorce in Colonial Korea Essay Example for Free

Marriage and Divorce in Colonial Korea Essay The article â€Å"Where Boys Were Kings, a Shift Toward Baby Girls† from The New York Times relays to readers the significant and profound changes in Korean society in relation to preference of female children over their male counterparts in Korean families.   In Korea, preference for boys is a centuries old custom and was rooted in part in an agrarian society that relied on sons to do the difficult work on family farms.   Men were also accorded special status because they were considered the carriers of the family’s all-important bloodline.    As Yang mentioned in Korea times, many people (mostly men) still think that â€Å"men are sky and women are land†. Under a highly conservative Confucianism based society, these changes in preference of baby girls especially highlights a shift in women’s status in Korea. The New York Times provides an example of Ms. Park’s situation.   Ms. Park is a 61-year-old newspaper executive who has three sons.   Only several decades ago, women who could reproduce many boys were considered the ideal wife.   However, Ms. Park now says that â€Å"within a generation, I have turned from the luckiest woman possible to a pitiful mother†.   As seen in Ms. Park’s interview in South Korea, once one of Asia’s most rigidly patriarchal societies, a centuries-old preference for baby boys is fast receding. This kind of significant change started from 1987 when â€Å"the government banned doctors from revealing the sex of a fetus before birth†.   Since then, women’s status improved each year.   As compared to fewer than one out of ten women entering college in 1981, six out of ten did so in 2006.   Also in the National Assembly, once one of the nation’s most male-dominated institution, women now hold about 13 percent of the seats, about double the percentage they held just four years ago†. As we examined in Yoo’s article â€Å"The ‘New Woman’ and the Politics of Love, Marriage and Divorce in Colonial Korea†, there was a time when education, political involvement, and sense of freedoms were limited for women in Korea.   For being one of the group of young educated Korean women, I am very proud. For the older generation of women, who have tried to find their true rights as a â€Å"modern girl†, I owe their struggles to my success.

Learning And Development On The Job Training Management Essay

Learning And Development On The Job Training Management Essay When you are going to perform any task in your work or personal life, you will need to train at the best you can and try to gain the knowledge that will enable you to handle the work or the task properly. Training will help to improve your performance and get ready to handle something you were not aware how to handle but in this case you will have to choose the appropriate technique and method for your training. Human Resources Management includes different activities like, planning how to recruit the staff that you need as per what your organization needs, interviewing and selecting them, making sure they have the right skills and the knowledge to perform the job they are selected for with the best they can so they increase the works performance and meet with the company goals and objectives, managing their benefits and compensation, planning for their bonuses and motivations periodically, managing and keeping their records, and the most important aspect which how to train them using all the training methods and techniques in order for them to capture the appropriate information, knowledge and skills related to their new job that will lead to developing the personnel who will be working in the company therefore developing the organization. We are going to speak into depth on one of the most effective and most frequently used types of training On the job training. On the job training does ha ve so many advantages that helps meet the expectations of the training, but it can also have few disadvantages if it is not properly planned and executed. The bottom-line: You need to train people, you need to train them quickly, and you need to find a low-cost, yet effective way to do that. You also need to improve morale and develop responsible, loyal, high-performing employees. And, you know that the old way of training people on-the-job i.e., the degenerating buddy system, follow Joe around, or unstructured OJT simply does not workà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Team OJT, HPA, 2008) On the job training is one of the best methods of training. For most of the employees, On the job training forms the most important part of their learning and development when they first join the company. It will keep them in a close contact with their colleagues and that will help forming a strong spirit among the team. Usually, this type of training is planned by the supervisor or manager, its their responsibility to use the available resources and benefit from their best existing staff experience and skills to develop their new employees. To successfully organize it, they need to assign one the best performing employees to be the coach for the new joiner. The trainee will be using the same equipments, materials and tools that he will use when performing his real job. Its an effective way where the trainee acquires the knowledge and skills at the actual work place. The trainee will learn by watching and observing someone very well experienced doing the job in the real work location. Most of the trainees find it more practical and more effective when learning directly from their colleagues instead of learning through materials in training classes. This training is effective as it is delivered before the new employee starts performing the actual and real job in the workplace like that, the trainee will be able to practice the real job in the workplace he will be working in and he/she will be having an immediate feedback on the challenges that he/she will be facing. Also, when one of the colleagues is coaching the new member this will help him integrate into the team. On the job training is also a benefit for the organization as it is generally cost effective since they dont have to organize a special and separate training for the new joiners. The new employee will be joining the team and using the tools and equipments they are using and no extra equipments will be needed. It works very well for the organization as the On the job training will be held in the same working hours and no training periods is dedicated for training the new employees and that usually have a training allowance which may be lower than the regular pay scale for the job. And the trainee might not have to travel to another location for the training. He or she will be in the same work place as the manager and that will enable the manager to give an instant feedback leading the new employee to grow faster in the job. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦OJT is regularly low-cost as no particular tools are required other than from what is usually applied on the job (Gubman, 1998) The new employees will have more confidence when they are being trained in their actual work location among their colleagues or team members, they will live and feel the real work environment, getting to know more the people they will be working with and the manager they will be dealing with, building expectations and getting motivated by how fast they can prove themselves and build a good relation and trust. They will feel more comfortable and at ease when they are trained with people they know rather than strangers who are holding and teaching a training course and do not know much about the work challenges more than an colleagues performing and facing real challenges every working day. Its an interface between the learning and work environment, like a transition from university to work. On the job training is productive as the employees will be working while they are learning and they will allow them to have more confidence hence working on a high standard. On the other hand, when the On the job training is not planned properly, It can not be executed properly. And the trainee will get a vague picture of the company as he will be receiving missing or wrong information. It may sometimes overload the trainee with so much information when too much information is provided in the training session. The trainer should have the knowledge and experience to train someone else. Providing the new comer with the knowledge that he/she will refer to when they are actually working is very important and critical. The trainer should have the teaching and coaching skills to provide the correct and most accurate information to the new joiner and prevent providing any misleading information or bad habits. Having someone from the existing employees coaching a new employee is very critical as the supervisor or manager who assigned this person for this task should ensure that this assignee does not have bad habits to avoid passing it to the trainee. The trainer might provide instructions based on how they feel and whats important to them. But what is important to them, it may not be important to another or for the work of the organization. Also, if the trainer does not have a structured plan, he/she might miss or forget to cover some important points which may lead the trainee to incomplete info rmation. While attending On the job training, sometimes the trainer will miss out covering in details and accuracy some theories of the operation and the trainee will be missing very important information. As the new employee is having a lack in his knowledge base which will lead to a poor decision making and it will be difficult for him facing some daily challenges when things are not going exactly as they learned. If the trainer was not the right person for the job, he might lead the trainee to bad habits and attitudes as the new employee will be adopting the same habits in work, safety, customer service, and even his relationship with the management or colleagues. One of the major problems the trainer will be facing while holding the training, is being able to manage his job and tasks properly and at the same time being able to give the appropriate time to the trainee and giving him the attention he/she needs to be able to attend his queries and provide him/her with good knowledge base and experience as required, its very difficult to find the right person among the team to perform both the tasks equally and assigning the right time they need for each activity, they should be really careful not to pass the bad work habits and teach the learner accurate, relevant information and methods. Each employee requires more learning in order to improve his /her skills, no matter how best a candidate is, he/she can not be 100% percent qualifiedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (American Society, 2007) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Thus, OJT is important both to the organization and the trainees who are being trained. OJT is beneficial to the organization in the manner that it offers cheap to carry out as the main resources required is time only. After which it offers the organizations with trained employees who understands well the organization culture objectives and goals. And thus able to achieve the much required high production and effective working. To the trainees, OJT offers them a practical and easy way of learning while they are working giving them a unique opportunity to practice what you have learnt. According to many scholars this is the best way of learning since offers the right tools and environment for learningà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Ruffini, F et al. 2000). The trainer may not have sufficient knowledge or skills then On the job training may be inappropriate and if its not done effectively, it can damage the work objectives. Its about finding the right person to perform this task. Leaving aside these disadvantages, On the job training can give benefit for both the company and the new employee. Since On-The Job Training is performed at the work place, the trainee will be focused on performing real job tasks and gaining real experience. Although On-The Job Training is often the most practical training method when you only need to train a couple of employees at a time but another training methods and techniques will be complementary to provide the new employee all the required skills and knowledge base about the products, services and systems in the organization.

Relationship Between Sport And Society Sociology Essay

Relationship Between Sport And Society Sociology Essay Sport is now regarded as an International phenomenon developing from past perceptions as a recreational activity to now being regarded an essential part of societies make up. Jarvie (2006) reiterates that sport is part of the social and cultural fabric and contributes to a variety of areas including targeting social problems and generating economic benefits. The development of sport has resulted in a variety of factors including political movement of nations and globalisation enhancing sport and the changing perceptions of the modern world. Contemporary changes are highlighted by Boyle (2006) as developing sport through advanced sports broadcasting of major competitions resulting in intensified interest and greater emphasis on the sporting sector. The following report will analyse in depth the contribution sport development has made with regards to society and intrinsic factors. Focusing specifically on areas such as social, political and environmental factors will aim to distinguish how these areas have developed sport within the modern world and influenced the impact sport can have upon society. Reviewing sport policies published by the modern day government will provide discussion on how sport is seen within society as the vehicle to create change not only as a health intervention but using sport to tackle a variety of social constraints. Analysis of sport through political movements will aim to show the impact sport can create on a nation and therefore how this develops the area of sport itself. With major sporting events being delivered in Britain such as the Commonwealth Games of Glasgow 2014 discussion will show how sport contributes to the economy, globalisation as well as integrating social benefits to society. Critic al research will be focused upon to discuss sport related theories and how they contribute in understanding modern sport and society. Modern Day Development of Sport Sport has gone through radical changes throughout the course of its development. Changes with regards to social, economic and political transformation have altered sport from past centuries to the present day. As sport has developed and evolved as has the audience it now captures. Now a global phenomenon the sporting industry is one of the richest and highest potential developments of modern era. The Executive Vice President of the Beijing Organising Committee Xiaoyu (2009) stated that the Beijing Games 2008 made a profit of at least $16 million USD. Major events such as the Olympic Games and FIFA Football World Cup showcase the phenomenon that sport creates across the world as well as the economical and environmental impact upon the host nation. There was an estimated 25,000 media representatives present at the Beijing Games 2008, representing 159 countries (Olympics, 2009). The mass media circus which large sporting events attract showcases sport to a worldwide audience introducing them to top athletes, new sports and overall an interest in what sport can offer. Political Impact upon Sport Political Ideology is referred to by Jones et al (2007) as philosophical ideas whereby human society can be understood and hence provide a framework of principles from which policy can be developed. In 2003 the Labour Party of Scotland introduced Sport 21 (Sport Scotland, 2003), a policy which focused around areas of social inclusion and sporting development where by sport would be the vehicle used to create change. At the heart of these polices was Social Inclusion, this ideology would cement sport at the heart of social reform. Of recent times Scotland published a national policy which also adopted sport as the foundation to target social issues, Reaching Higher (2007) concentrates on sporting objectives in relation to improving social inclusion by means of health, participation and performance with a clearer focus in achieving success towards 2020 including Glasgow Commonwealth Games, 2014. Labour politician and author Hattersley (1989) reinforced the importance of political ideol ogy stating that ideas and values of politicians have a permanent importance, policies may change with time but ideology abides. Social inclusion activities the government have liaised in include football specific schemes aimed at targeting minority and hard to reach groups. Tacon (2007) stresses that researching the theory of social exclusion results in both positive and conflicting views of sport enhancing this area; sport can improve health however conflicting views suggest that some sports including football initiate violent tendencies to occur in individuals. Sport was seen as a means to benefit social issues such as crime, employment, education and health. Coakley (2007) discussed the connections both sport and politics share and the importance sport contributes to the government. Connections include health promotion, identifying power between nations and engaging communities and citizens through sport involvement. Social benefits are a significant reason why the government liaise with sporting initiatives but also the economical impact and support politicians gain from the public can be enhanced by adopting sport into national plans. Modern society has seen negative issues within the world highlighted increasingly through the use of interventions such as the media and politics. Factors including violence, differentiation between classes, poverty and gender issues are just some examples which have catapulted in recent times. One method used to combat and try and eradicate these hindrances was through positive models such as sport. Houlih an (1997) states that modern governments see sport as an opportunity to tackling political objectives. The use of sport to enhance societys problems is a method which highlights the issue and can directly target millions of people. According to a recent document published by Sport Scotland they state that sport was unique and could contribute to a healthier, smarter and wealthier Scotland, (Sport Scotland: 2008). In Scotland alone there are several issues which require immediate action and according to the local government liaising with key governing bodies and sport is essential in helping combat these issues. Sport has been targeted by the government for a variety of reasons and can be used to highlight a countries wealth or power thus distinguishing them from rival countries. The Olympic Games is one way in which this ideology has been conveyed and is an extremely powerful tool in showing nations prowess on a global scale. For a number of years the Soviet Union and United States of America were locked in a bitter rivalry regarding differentiation between political and economical ideologies. Riordan J and Kruger A (1999) discuss the development sport has impacted on with regards to society; they state that sport had a revolutionary role of being an agent of social change whereby the nation would adopt sport in order to create change and generate impact. Both countries integrated with sport and the idea that success on a global scale such as the Olympics would show their domination and power over rival countries. Hazan (1982) emphasises the Soviet Unions ideology in the use of Sport during the Olympic Games; for the Soviet Union the agenda was to beat the Americans and show that American sport was inferior and corrupt just like the entire US social system. The Soviet Union were so engaged in using sport to reinforce and highlight to the world their dominance, power and political stature in comparison to other dominant nations including the USA that they developed drastic measures to achieve success. Extensive training of young athletes and the message of winning at all costs was the main priority of the Soviet ideology. Winning medals was the main goal and it didnt matter if this involved steroids or performing enhancing drugs, winning was everything to this nation and often athletes suffered from this harsh reality, (Riordan, 1993). Although sport was the driving force during this period to show dominance and success the real reason was based on political movement and sport would act as the vehicle to create world domination as part of the governments strategy. The Soviets achieving more gold medals than that of rivals US would show their strength and supremacy on a global magnitude. Sport however does not just benefit political involvement but examples such as the Soviet Union and Olympics enhances the development of sport itself. The idea that the Olympic Games are a global event attaches several benefits for sport to develop extensively. Mass media attention and interest in participation results in Sport becoming a major focus point for the world to not only watch but to become active in resulting in social and personal benefits. Globalisation is a modern concept which has expanded extensively, it denotes a broad process in which markets, trade, labour relations and culture itself have attained global dimensions Horne et al (1999 p. 276). Events such as the Olympics and FIFA World Cup develop globalisation in terms of the audience it captures and the marketing it promotes. The impact of globalisation can be seen through the use of role models in sport and how they can encourage and impact on others to follow them. Veseth (2005) provides an example of globaliza tion through football star David Beckham: the Bend it Like Beckham movie captures globalization as Beckhams global stature can therefore tackle issues of prejudice and cultural constraints. Beckham sporting the Adidas brand through worldwide media photography highlights the globalisation factor and effectiveness it can encompass. David Beckham is a universal star with millions of admirers, what he wears and does acts as role for others to copy because they want to be like him thus highlighting the globalisation factor in impacting individuals worldwide. The idea that society can watch new sports and understand how they are played can impact upon increased and or new sports being introduced across the world. The sociologist Elias discussed the figuration theory and how people interact as a result of those around us. Figuration relationships involve individuals who are bound together to form a structure based on power which can be conveyed to areas such as sport (Best, 2003). For society and communities to be active in sport this will lead to trends of individuals copying the pattern with regards to social structures and individuals they are bound to. Society follows patterns to those we trust and are intrinsically influenced upon, a community who adopts sport regularly will find that individuals are more open to the idea of sport and what is involved. This theory also links with Bourdieus views of habitus where perception is how an individual views and does things based on what they know and has impacted as a result of their childhoo d, (Hillier Rooksby, 2005). Sport has also developed extensively through the input the government has had in relation to rules and regulations regarding sports and determining what sports are classified as legal or illegal. Such input has provided Sport with frameworks and safeguarding of human rights where measures are taken to stamp out inhumane sporting activities and assist all sport governing bodies with the correct safety content and rules for participants. The need for law in sport is as imperative as law in society, without it in sports, chaos exists, (Gardner, 2006). Disclosure checking is one way in which participants and sport are safeguarded against potential threats. All coaches and individuals must be disclosure checked to ascertain criminal convictions and determine if individuals are suitable to work with others hence making sure those delivering sport are not only qualified but pose no threats to participants. Social Effects Sport Sport is a form of activity which can be participated by several classes depending on the type of sport played and its position within class and cultural communities. An interesting theory is that of Bordieau who paid particular emphasis on a variety of theories and society. Significant focuses of his beliefs were symbolic violence, Habitus and a close emphasis on class distinction and the theory of power and practice. Bourdieu argues that physical capital acquired through involvement in activities such as sport can be converted into cultural, social, or economic capital. However, he argues that the ability to convert this capital is not as great for the working classes as it is for the bourgeoisie (cited in Gilroy in Clare Humberstone, 1997). Class distinction contributes widely to the idea that certain sports are class related i.e. football for lower class and polo for the upper class individuals. This perception discriminates against individuals to try new sports due to a lack of facilitation, opportunities and class boundaries. A study undertaken by Stempel (2005) suggests that those who have more cultural capital participate in sports aimed at improving the body which emphasise wealth and dominance and refrain from sports where violent tendencies prevail. Lower class citizens have limited sources, expenditure and opportunities to participate in wealthier sports and are therefore prone to play traditional sports which are easy to access and more team orientated. To develop sport and for sport to develop in society a variety of sports, opportunities and facilities must be available to the wider communities. Class distinction highlights differences within society and unequal consideration for all individuals, sport initiatives must vary activities and encourage different classes to attempt new sports refraining from the perception of particular sports for certain individuals. Ideology focusing around sport is often concerned with idea of masculinity and gender confrontation. Scraton et al (1999) stated that top level female athletes participating in sport meant opposing or rejecting their femininity at some point. Barriers have developed through sport for female participation as a result of male dominance over a prolonged period of time. Although modern society aims to break down these barriers female participation is still behind that of males. Females are underrepresented in many areas of sport through involvement, coaching and management roles. Almost a half of adult women (43%) within Scotland have low levels of participation in sport with majority participating in no sport at all, (Sport Scotland, 2008). One theory which played particular emphasis on females and sport was the feminist theory. Houllihan (2008) discusses Marxist feminist traditions with the belief that men control the ideology of dominance through capitalism and exploitation, women can not engage in sport due to less earnings and time due to family commitments. This focus concentrates on the traditional views of women and a lesser focus on the contemporary female. Kay Jeanes citied in Houllihan (2008) that certain sports provide barriers for both genders, dance and sports involving flexibility and balance are often deemed as female orientated with traditional sports such as football and rugby, male orientated. Sport although focused as presenting gender differences can develop these ideologies and break down barriers by displaying to society that females can adopt male perceived sports. A significant sport development and gender barrier was recently broken through the sport of tennis where female tennis players achieved the same competition pay as the male athletes. The All England Lawn Tennis Chairman Phillip (2007) stated that the time was right to bring this subject to a logical conclusion and eliminate the difference. Football is also a sport that continues to attract female participation with regards to viewing but more importantly playing. A sport often adopted as male orientated only is now one of the fastest growing sports in the UK. The number of female players has increased by 88% since 1999 and there are now 55,000 playing the game (Summers D, 2001). As female football continues to grow there are still issues with equality in the modern world. A recent example would be that of Maribel Domà ­nguez Castelà ¡n, a female Mexican footballer. In 2004 she accepted a two-year contract from a second-division Mexican mens football club, Celaya. This was the first known case of a women signing for a professional mens team. This however did not last long and soon Fifa the governing body decided against the move. It was stressed that the gender-separation principle in football should be maintained (BBC News, 2004). Sport is attempting to change societies views by encouraging female participation throu gh sport, changing the perceptions accumulated over centuries will however take time. If more sports can adopt similar principles to tennis, positive steps can be made for sport to tackle social issues of gender inequality. Social inequalities out with gender also pose barriers to society; sport is used as a mechanism to tackle these areas. Cultural diversity and ethnic minority groups are a social issue with regards to integration within communities. Walseth (2008) Adkins (2005) discuss Putnams notion of social capital as connections with areas such as community well being, inter cultural knowledge and social networks, the idea that social capital acts as glue creating a collective we within society. With regards to cultural barriers Putnam refers to two ideas, bridging and bonding, bridging can relate to getting to know different people e.g. people belonging to a different minority group where bonding is the process of making relationships with people similar to oneself, (Walseth, 2008). Sport can act as glue between cultural communities and inequalities amongst society. Bringing individuals together through team incorporated activities can aim to tackle differentiations. Niessen (2000) stated that t he use of sport can help in understanding and appreciating cultural differences and prejudices, sport can limit social exclusion of minority groups. Within Scotland a variety of localised initiatives aim to break down racial barriers and promote communitarianism. Glasgow based coaching company, Sidekix run in cooperation with Strathclyde Police tackling territorialism issues in young men. The concept of a football league integrating target groups aims to break down barriers and teach the youths to interact with one another. Using sport as an incentive encourages youths to participate without realising the wider concept of what they are actually doing. Sport has continued to develop in promoting and tackling social constraints. Environmental Impact upon Sport The use of sport to enhance a nation and contribute to its economy and structure are significant factors when considering using sporting events to enhance other areas. Mass tourist opportunities and global recognition from hosting such a superior sporting event were just some of the reasons why Glasgow chose to bid for the games in 2014, on the back of previous successes such as the Commonwealth Games of Manchester 2002. Purcell (2005) highlighted that the social and economical dividend of hosting the games could bring great benefits to Glasgow and hence provides a lasting legacy. Sport develops in governments ideologies when it can impact and benefit their agendas and in turn sport therefore develops through the mass interest on show. Developing environmental factors such as attainment of new facilities and modernisation of communities can be achieved through sporting events. Urban regeneration is a key focus of Glasgow 2014 and they aspire to update and improve upon existing areas of the city by modernising and developing infrastructures worthy of hosting such a superior occasion. Sport Urban Regeneration is a broader process than having merely an infrastructure in place for the Commonwealth Games, (BBC News, 2007). One of the major developments being undertook is the construction of the athletes village which will be based in Dalmarnock. As well as fresh, modern housing and a whole new regeneration of an area the positive effects of this build will result in the use of the village after the games when the houses are obtainable to the public. The former First Minister of Scotland, McConnell (2006) reiterated the importance of regeneration not only for the sustainment of the games but for future legacies: he acknowledged that bringing the new village to Dalmarnock would aim to build better lifes for its resident, ordinary Glaswegians and develop a sense o f community spirit. An increased benefit of this infrastructure is the potential opportunities of housing Glasgows communities following the games as well as allowing the people of Glasgow and Scotland to experience and benefit from the new facilities on offer following the Commonwealth Games of 2014. The importance of large investments in regeneration must continue after the event to benefit local and national societies. The Glasgow 2014 Committee perceive new infrastructures and regeneration as a positive model however negative impacts of such a significant development is the change of what a large population already call home. Local residents who have grew up in specific areas all their lifes are now seeing complete change and in some areas demolition of areas they once called home. Moving these people poses a serious question to whether Glasgow is improving in order to look good for two weeks or are the intentions of local residents the major priority. I dont think Im going to be here, the area will be regenerated and old shops like these will have to come down, (BBC NEWS, 2007), this was just one residents fear of the massive change going underway in the Parkhead Area. Moving people away from areas they have lived in all their lives is a huge risk and adaptation for those residents could lead to growing issues for local councils and the government. A key focus of the legacy of Glasgow 2014 is to use this mass event as a fostering vehicle to tackle issues within Scotland including health. Over the last decade the topic of Obesity has seen a surge in media attention and has become a prolific problem within Scotlands culture. Although regarded as a worldwide issue Scotland for being such a small nation portrays some of the most worrying figures of all. Devlin (2007) communicates this shocking reality as only America has a higher rate of obesity within the developed world. The prospect of the Commonwealth Games has already raised the profile of sport in Scotland and has the potential for the nation to get involved in physical activity, (Glasgow 2014, 2008). In order to achieve this recent government policy must be adhered to and Glasgow 2014 should be used as a target to achieving such aims as well as attempting to obtain more youngsters getting involved in physical participation. In 2007 when Reaching Higher was published many see n this policy as the strategy to implement and deal with issues leading up to the Commonwealth Games 2014. In comparison the Commonwealth Games of Glasgow are also looked upon as a method of striving towards meeting national strategies. The focus of 2014 may seem like a lifetime away however with such social and health issues regarding sport in Scotland it is essential that plans are implemented immediately to move towards improving current standards. The idea of added TV coverage impacts largely on how we can improve the nations health, when children see certain sports being broadcasted it gives an incentive of going out and taking part in this sport. For Scotland to use the Commonwealth Games as a means of improving health the government must provide all communities with opportunities to become active. A key method already being used within schools is the active schools programme. In the lead up to the games clubs and sports should be increased whereby children have more than just one option of a sport to take part in. Commonwealth Games clubs is an area which could be put in place whereby children are provided with multi sports clubs as a lead up to the games where local communities or larger cities hold mini commonwealth Games against each other to add competition incentive for the children participating. All of this can now be more achievable with the new development plans of local sports facilities and new infrastructures be ing prepared. The focus upon children must be of fun and sport as opposed to getting fit, children will get fitter if they take part in physical activity and therefore all schemes and projects in line with national policies must be fun and eye-catching for the children to want to play sport. There are several Positive effects of hosting major events which can help with improving health issues in particular areas. When elite athletes and stars of sport participate they are watched by the younger generation and a mass audience. The significance being that children aspire towards role models who they feel they have a connection with often an athlete in the sport they love. These role models can then aim to help motivate or create new schemes which aim to use their sports as a means of improving the health of others. Sponsorship deals can be created whereby as part of the athletes deal they must cooperate with the local communities or national policies therefore providing greater motivation for people to use sport to combat health issues they may have. Conclusion Sport has developed extensively as a global phenomenon reaching out to a diversity of individuals worldwide. The impact sport can generate stems from areas such as social inclusion, health and economic benefits to societies. Sport has developed within itself, through new sports being introduced, media interest and coverage and role models catapulting through the globalisation concept. However the contribution and shifting of modern society has also helped shape sport today and how it is considered as an integral part of everyday living. Political input, environmental benefits and social benefits have helped shaped the dynamics of sport and the perceptions people once had. The fact that sport was often seen as a leisure activity used for individual enjoyment has now been broadened through the perception that sport can help change society and tackle a variety of social issues. Mass research undertaken in relation to sport suggests there are two sides to each perception. Majority suggest that sport can tackle social issues whilst also recognising that sport can encourage issues to be sustained. Depending on how sport is delivered, the sports that are used and the professionals in charge of these areas contributes widely to how sport will be viewed. Violent tendencies, class differentiation and gender ideologies can still be identified through sport. However considering the entire positive benefits of sport, the idea that it can and has tackled health, crime and the economy steers it in an optimistic manner. If sport is delivered by the correct people in the correct location and adheres to political sporting laws put in place, negative issues around sport can be overcome to achieve its original purpose. Sport has and will continue to develop throughout the world through its political involvement and power to recognise that sport can change and help society m ove forward.

Marketplace Madness :: Personal Narrative Writing

Marketplace Madness On a Friday afternoon I traveled with two others from my English class to a rather ordinary patch of farmland next to Highway 101 and adjacent to the Promenade. From out of the car window we looked at a seemingly endless field of cabbages, bordered at least an acre thick with black dirt. It looked strange that the busy Promenade abruptly ended at this sea of dirt. To the left we could see cars streaking by on the highway. The field had a tilled appearance, yet it looked as if nobody had been working on it for a while. Weeds grew sporadically on the black dirt. The sight of it told of half hearted farming efforts and neglect. We decided that one pass of this field would yield all that it had to give visually. However, the controversy surrounding it takes much research to understand. This field is the proposed site of the San Luis Marketplace, a shopping center bigger than any single building project in the history of San Luis Obispo. Spurred on by curiosity, I researched the field in the hopes that I could learn more about it than what I saw at first glance. The field contains Salinas Soils, the most productive kind of soil found in the county. Salinas Soils are alluvial, containing nutrients and minerals washed down from the hillsides by rainwater. The fertility of the soil makes it a very productive field for growing, yielding crops many times a year. The dark black color of the soil indicates how fertile it is. This made me think of something that my girlfriend’s mom said. She works at the El Dorado County Agricultural Department, and she came down here a few weeks ago. When she passed by the Dalidio field she exclaimed â€Å"Wow! Look how black the dirt is!† The owner of the property, a farmer named Ernie Dalidio, struck a deal in 1992 with developer Bill Bird to build a forty-acre shopping centre on the property. Proponents of the marketplace argue that the shopping centre will generate an enormous amount of sales tax that the city can use to support the community.

Nanotechnology :: Science Scientific Nanotechnology Papers

Nanotechnology Before I can really address this topic properly I have to answer â€Å"What is Nanotechnology and why the hype?† Currently the term nano has been thrown around a lot in recent years. Mostly this is the desire of researchers to grab the research money that is out there and using buzz words do help turn heads. Nanotechnology is a grab bag of different fields of science. It takes from condensed-matter physics, engineering, molecular biology and large swaths of chemistry. Even the government was convinced by the hype to create The National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) is a multi-agency program intended to provide a big funding boost to nanoscience and engineering. But what constitutes nanotechnology research? Even scientists have a hard time with that question. "It depends on whom you ask," Stanford biophysicist Steven M. Block told at a symposium on nanotechnology. "Some folks apparently reserve the word to mean whatever it is they do as opposed to whatever it is anyone else does." But what most scientists seem to agree on is what is considered Nanotechnology. Which is the future manufacture of molecular size materials, devices and possible machines. On the other hand many leading scientist that are pushing for the development of nanotechnology see it as molecular manufacturing or, more simply, building things one atom or molecule at a time with programmed nanoscopic robotarms. The reason we have this great interest in using nanostructures stems comes from the idea that superior electrical, chemical, mechanical or optical properties may be achieved at these smaller scales. Also biological and medicine research in the nanotechnology area is on its way. One company, Quantum Dot Corporation, has already has been doing research in semiconductor quantum dots as labels in biological experiments, drug-discovery research, and diagnostic tests, among other applications. Nano is receiving enthusiastic scrutiny from some big companies in the Standard & Poor's 500-stock index. Led by IBM, Lucent Technologies, and Hewlett-Packard, along with Samsung and Siemens , big industrial companies are pumping significant sums into nanotech research, as are governments around the world. Buckyballs--those soccer-ball-shaped carbon molecules discovered in 1985 by a team led by Rice University's Richard E. Smalley--are roughly 1 nm in diameter. Carbon nanotubes are about 1.4 nm thick. The latest entrants: slightly fatter nanotube-like wires made from silicon, gallium nitride, and other semiconducting materials. These nanotubes are showing some of the most potential for use in both research and applications ranging from computers to ultra high strength cables.

Success in Islamic Concept

Happiness and success in Islamic concept Arifa Tariq Saira Virk Information Technology University Dr.Junaid Qadir11 May 2018?AbstractPurification of heart and soulHuman being is created of water and clay as we know but after that we have body and soul in it. People just care about body, what about soul? People do not care about soul, how to purify it, how to be closer to satisfaction, how to reach closer to happiness and success?Many people around the world suffering from stress, emotional diseases looking for the cure, but they are still hollow inside and don't know how to find the cure. Try to recognize the sickness inside your own self. ALLAH almighty in Quran focused on the importance of purifying the soul and heart. Try to recognize the sickness inside your own self. †¢ Quran Verses: ALLAH says in Quran:1. He has succeeded who purifies the soul, and he has failed who corrupts the soul. Surah Ash-Shams[91:910]So you have two choices either purify your soul, try to reach closer to the level of satisfaction or corrupt it. Purification comes from Zakat, Tazkiyah and Tazkiyah of naf's.He also said:2. Go to Pharaoh, for verily, he is a transgressor. Say to him: Will you purify yourself? Surah An-Naz'iat [79:17-18]3. He has succeeded who purifies himself, who remembers the name of his Lord and prays. Surah Al-A'la[87:14-15] This is how purification is related to the success and happiness.We learn from these verses that our success and happiness in life here and hereafter depends on our spiritual purification. We must purify our hearts from environmental and spiritual diseases like greed, hatred, lie, pride, ignorance and other harmful worldliness diseases and try to adopt the spiritual virtues to help the environment and serve humanity by adopting justice, generosity, compassion and many more. †¢ Types of heart1. Sound and healthy heart:ALLAH says in Quran:A day when there will be no benefit in wealth or children, but only in he who comes to Allah with a pure heart. Surah Ash-Shu'ara [26:88-89] The type of heart which is healthy and sound and only sake refuge from ALLAH and will rescue him on the Day of Judgment. The truth and secure heart is which is secure from shirk and work will all the love and desire that his actions are only for ALLAH's sake by obeying his all orders and sayings. Their some question can come in someone's mind that: 1. Does all these activities done by man are just temporary, for to attain worldly things and desire for the sake of praise from the people? 2. Was all these activities done without any fear of people? Was all the activities done just with the pure believe to serve the Master ALLAH almighty? 3. Was all the actions done also to please the last Prophet (PBUH) of ALLAH.The 1st two questions requires sincerity (IKHLAS) that all the things are just for the Master and 3rd question requires to follow the foot step of last Prophet of ALLAH (MUTABAAH). None of our actions will be considered accepted if â€Å"Ikhlas† and â€Å"Mutabaah† both conditions do not met. Having sound heart it joins the ranks of truthfulness, secure, healthy and happy heart. We clean our house, when we invite someone to our house similarly clean your heart as if you want to invite ALLAH and have faith and patience. He will make all the doors of happiness and success open for you. Nobody knows your pain more than who creates us, nobody in this world cares for us as much as the ALLAH and HE is all knowing and most wise Indeed. 2. Sick heart:The diseased heart which is either closer to secure his dreams of world, secure his worldly life or very close to devastation. This heart only contains love of ALLAH, show trust and reliance upon him only for the sake of his worldly essentials. This heart only shows eagerness to attain his desires, the desires which only does exists in this temporary world. This heart also contains jealousy, arrogance, pride, self-amazement and corruption only for the worldly matters which does only make us much closer to destruction and devastation. Man just had forgotten his purpose of creation in this mortal world, ho forgot that each body part has a job, similarly a heart also had a job, and if it is sick it will not do his job properly . â€Å"Indeed ALLAH is the Guide of those who believe, to the straight path.† 3. Dead heart:This type of heart is dead, having no life. This heart does not follow any path else than then path which pleased him. This heart does not know about its Lord or Master, in short it is a slave of his own desires, action and activities. If he fulfills his dreams, he does not care about pleasing or displeasing of his Master (The one who creates him). If it loves, it loves just for the sake of his desires and if he hates it does only just for the sake of his own mean. In short his dreams are his master. He is a person of his own desires. The man with this heart is putting himself to the way to destruction and devastation.Soul:Soul is the essence of human body, the main importance as compared to other creations of ALLAH. Science does not reached about the soul, that what is the essence of the soul. When any living creator dies like an animal as compared to human there is no difference in its wait, but the moment when human dies, immediately there is a loss of wait that means something he is losing the moment he dies. Quran Says: 1. Every soul shall have taste of death. (Surah Al Imran) In this world there is a life for the test of here after and every person shall have taste of death. 2. ALLAH has created death and life to test which of you in good deeds (Suran Al Mulk)For there is no pleasure, sweetness, ibtihaaj or perfection except by knowing and loving to the Master,there is only peace in remembering him, happiness and success is only by being closer to him and desiring to meet him in the life hereafter. Discovering self for happiness In Islamic tradition, the â€Å"who am I?† question in the broadest sense of the word is more important and comes prior to the strongly related subject of happiness. Happiness is not a goal to be pursued on its own, rather to be attained as part of realization of discovering and nurturing the self. As the subject of happiness is enclosed within the study of the â€Å"self†, it cannot be explained outside the term self or soul, (nafs) that includes a broad range of topics including the heart (qalb), spirit (ruh), intellect (aql), and will (irada) as well as human nature (fitrah) (Nasr, 2014). The nafs when mentioned in the Quran without any addition, refers to â€Å"self† and exists of three levels that are interconnected to each other (Schimmel, 1994, 184): †¢ nafs ammara (12:53) – The lower (animal) self, the carnal soul that incites to evil. †¢ nafs lawwama (75:2) – The struggling self .†¢ nafs mutma'inna (89:27) – The higher self at peace, the satisfied, peaceful God realized rational soul.Naquib Al-Attas (Philosopher) explains the two dimensions to happiness in Islamic understanding with two different terms – pleasure and true happiness. The self (nafs) attains â€Å"true happiness† from knowledge and good character (virtue) experienced by the rational soul (higher self) and â€Å"happiness of transient quality† from worldly (bodily) pleasures experienced by the animal soul (Attas, 1995, 91-92). However, comprehending and knowing the truth about the ‘self' and God is not sufficient, one also needs to act according to this truth and therefore moral virtues are important (Khadduri, 1984, 82). The connection between happiness, success and moral virtues, Al-Kindi explains that in overcoming material and psychological causes of sorrow, material possessions and other worldly deeds are nothing compared to the cultivation of virtues. Virtues play an important role in the attainment of happiness related to this world and the hereafter (Nasr, 2014).Tawakkul on Allah and Ibadat for happiness & successThe person who possesses tawakkul attains the state of contentment. This person still faces the ordinary challenges of earthly life but does so in a state of inner contentment. As the Quran states explicitly, this is why the friends of God (the awliya?'), who have fully attained the stations of tawakkul and rida? ?, are neither fearful nor sorrowful. For such people, even the fear of God is transformed into joy, for this fear is the beginning of wisdom, as stated by St. Paul and also in the famous saying (hadith) of the Prophet, â€Å"The fear of God is the beginning of wisdom†. 13 Performing obligatory ibadat requires self-discipline and sacrifice but result in happiness and success. As call of prayer (Adhan) states: Hayya ‘ala-l-FalahHurry to success (Rise up for Salvation)Success of Muslim is to hurry for its obligatory duties which make him/her successful in this life and also in hereafter. Similarly, Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah has narrated that the Holy Prophet stated, ‘There are two glad tidings for the man who fasts; one at the time of sunset and the other when he meets his Rab.' (Sahih Bukhari 255/1 # 1805)It is not however only the ‘ibadat themselves that bring about happiness; it is also our knowingthat in performing them we are doing God's Will and thereby experiencing the grace (barakah) that issues from the performance of sacred rites. In carrying out ordinary human transactions, or muy'a?-mala?t, in accordance with the Shary'ah, one is also doing God's Will.14Success of the selfThe success of the self, as explained in the Quran, lies in allowing the self to grow and one who disallows the self (soul) to grow, who destroys this growth, is describes as one who is in failure (91:7-10). The development of the self, that is given the capacity to distinguish right from wrong (91:7), includes falling and standing and making choices. This process of growth is not focused on making faultless, sinless, pure good creatures (angels) at the end (4:31).The highest stage in that sense that is aimed at, is the level where there is mutual satisfaction reached between the self and God but also within the self as a whole (89:27).Also for the success of a person soul and self the ihsan is necessary element. As mention in Quran â€Å"Verily Allah likes from a doer of an action that when an action is performed, it is made beautiful (yuhsinahu)†Ã¢â‚¬ Allah is good and only accepts that which is good.† Related by Muslim (no. 1686)Ihsan entails acquiring good character trait. Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, â€Å"I was sent to perfect good character. â€Å"Also, come in hadith â€Å"The best of you in Islam are those who are most excellent in character as long as you deeply understand the religion.† [Ahmad, Sahih]The person who possess the character traits of ihsan and does his/her work with perfection are true successful people. These traits are: †¢ No harming and reciprocating harm †¢ Do not envy what people have †¢ Trust in Allah (Twakkul)If a person have these traits that is close to Allah and most satisfied. Sufism The Islamic philosophers have also dealt extensively with the question of happiness, which they, like the Sufis, associate in its essence with the abiding and the enduring and, following the Quran, with paradisal realities and the Hereafter. Ibn Sna? [in Latin, Avicenna], the prince of the Islamic philosopher-scientists whose influence pervades all later Islamic philosophy, associates happiness with purification of the soul and knowledge of the intelligible world, the world of light, from which it descended into this world. In his famous â€Å"Poem of the Soul,† he writes,15Why then was she [the soul] cast down from her high peakTo this degrading depth? God brought her low;But for a purpose wise, that is concealedE'en from the keenest mind and loveliest wit.And if the tangled mesh impeded her,The narrow cage denied her wings to soarFreely in heaven's high ranges; after allShe was a lightning-flash that brightly glowed Momentarily over the tents, and then was hidAs though its gleam was never glimpsed below. Ibn S?n?a? considers the happiness of the soul to be the result of the process of the soul to reach, through self-purification, the state of tajarrud, which can be attained not only in the Hereafter, but also in this life. Purification prepares the soul for the attainment of that knowledge that results in true happiness.16The Attainment of happiness and success (Conclusion)To understand and attain happiness is different thing. All religion and cultures know how to achieve transient happiness and success. But real challenge is achieving permanent happiness and success in this world and hereafter. In Islam, as in other authentic religions, that permanent state of happiness is attained by gaining not the freedom of the passionate self to receive whatever it desires, but freedom from desire and from the passionate self. 17.To attain permanent happiness, we must therefore remember who we really are, where we came from, why we are here, and where we are going. We must detach ourselves from fleeting pleasures and joys and seek permanent joy by attaching ourselves to the spiritual world, which is our original home and the only place where we shall attain permanent happiness. We must die before we die; die to the world here and now in order to gain eternal felicity in the life of the spirit and the intellect understood in its traditional sense. We must experience the happiness that issues from faith (ma?n), which provides for us security (ama?n) from all that would deprive us of happiness. 18Through faith, correct actions, prayer, and realized knowledge, we must break all the walls of ego, we must do so through compassion, charity, and through karam, which are bound to love and independent of selfishness and self-centeredness that are impediments of the attainment of happiness.Bibliography 1 Nasr, S. (2014). HAPPINESS AND THE ATTAINMENT OF HAPPINESS: AN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE. Journal of Law and Religion, 29(01), pp.76-91. 2 (Alfarabi, â€Å"The Attainment of Happiness† 75) 3 There is a partial translation of this work by Claude Field, The Alchemy of Happiness of al-Ghazzali (Chicago: Kazi Publications, 2007). The critical edition of this text is edited by H?usayn Khad?w? jam (Tehran: Shirkat-I Saha?m-yi Kita?bha?-yi Jb, 1354 SH). There is also a later edition of this text edited by Manu?chihr Da?nishpazhu?h (Tehran: Ahl-i Qalam, 1381 SH).4 Altiner, s. (2015). Happiness. Theology and Religious Studies.5 Ibn Altiner, s. (2015). 6 Ibn Altiner, s. (2015).7 Lino, C. (2018). Positive Psychology Theory in a Nutshell. [online] Positivepsychologyprogram.com. Available at: https://positivepsychologyprogram.com/positive-psychology-theory/ [Accessed 11 May 2018].8 Riaz, D. (2018). [online] Szic.pk. Available at: https://www.szic.pk/journal/dec2015/4.pdf [Accessed 11 May 2018]. 9 See Gul B?a?ba? Sa'?d? ?,? Farhang-i isti?la?ha? ?t-i ‘irfan-yi Ibn ‘Arab (Tehran: Intisha?ra?t-i Shaf,? 1383 SH), 35610 Q. 2:201.11 Al-Suhrawardy, Allama Sir Abdullah al-Mamun, comp., The Sayings of Muhammad (New York: Citadel Press, 1990), 63.12 Muhammad ibn ?Abd Alla?h Khatb? al-Tabr?z? ?,? Mishka?t al-Masa?bh,? trans. James Robson (1970; repr., Lahore: Sh.Muhammad Ashraf, 1981), 2:99313 Nasr, S. (2014). HAPPINESS AND THE ATTAINMENT OF HAPPINESS: AN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE. Journal of Law and Religion, 29(01), pp.76-9114 Ibn ‘Arab, The Tarjuma?n al-ashwa?q, trans. Reynold A. Nicholson (London: Theosophical, 1978), 19, 67.15 ibid 8018 The House of Yoga. (2018). THE RELIGION OF LOVE BY IBN ARABI. [online] Available at: https://www.thehouseofyoga.com/magazine/religion-love-ibn-arabi [Accessed 11 May 2018].44 Arthur J. Arberry, â€Å"Avicenna: His Life and Times,† in G. M. Wickens, ed., Avicenna: Scientist ; Philosopher (London: Luzac, 1952), 28; See also S. H. Nasr, An Introduction to Islamic Cosmological Doctrines (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1993), 259–60.

UK software industry

In the business universe of discoursely concern strategic maculationing has experience an ineluctable endeavor as businesses look for every(prenominal) means of improving their competitive advantage. In such a business environment, a much reliable reprieve stooge be found in the adaptation of analysis models by organizations in their merchandise campaigns. PEST analysis models stupefy been employ by organizations all(a) over the world to determine or predict prox trends in business as easily as to take preemptive measures to fend off running into losses (Charles, Hill, & J integritys, 2006p. 9-98),. Be showtime is a PEST analysis of UKs softw ar package effort. Political featureors The policy-making changes in the UK actually do impact negatively on the parcel industry, although of late, at that place has been a concerted effort to enact legislation to hold back software piracy which has been termed as one of the greatest threats to the industry. Currently the anti-piracy law of UK prohibits and sets forward legal measures against perpetrators of the crime and it is anticipated that this bequeath stamp out the vice that is so rife in the UK.From a planetary perspective, polar political scenarios in different countries where the software industry market their products similarly impacts on the performance of the industry, for congresswoman, the software industry is affected negatively when other countries which have been traditionally markets for UK software companies change to competitors for instance China and India. This is usually occasioned by politics change in those countries.Gender comparison has also had a signifi fuckingt check of the industry I that, they have been coerce to change their labor policies to reflect sufficient opportunities accorded to all genders. Economic Factors. Although there is a have-cut difference between political factors and scotchal factors some happenings in political arenas have had an imp act on the economic factors for instance legislation touching on taxation for software products. Currently the economic state in the UK is friendly and no signals point to the contrary.Relatively stable swop rates, as well as low inflation levels, a steady income suppuration in the domestic market, have all contributed positively the ontogeny of the sector in the UK and is projected to continue that way into the future. hearty Factors. As these determine the buying expression for made-to-orderers, the UK market mint be tell to be mature in that, gross sales and demand for software products is on the increase, a trend that has continued for the past trine years.The fact that, most software products are not viewed as hazardous and there fore are looked at as harmless has contributed to a positive growth of the software market in the UK. This can be evidenced by the fact that, people from all walks of life can purchase different software custom made. There have been few case s of major complaints form the society in legal injury of their usability and effectiveness of what is on offer in the market. This further strengthens the future position of the sector as far as viability and favorableness are concerned. Technological Factors.Advances in this knowledge domain especially as occasioned by computers, the internet, as well as well as cell phones, has had an impact on software industry in that, production has become cheaper than it would have been in the absence of the above. In the UK, majority of the software companies have invested intemperately on technology and this has been reflected in inflate profits. In conclusion, from the above analysis it is clear that, the future for software industry in the UK I bright and those businesses which shall capitalize themselves by taking a strategic position are more likely to thrive.

Summer Internship Report on Madura Garments

ramble Report On Improving wait on Level for institutional gross revenue SUBMITTED FOR THE everywheret unmatchable FULFILMENT OF POST GRADUATE fleece IN INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT (PGDIM) By Puneet Verma Roll No. 105 PGDIM 18 Under the guidance of pic National convey of Industrial Engineering (NITIE), Vihar Lake, P. O. NITIE, Mumbai 400 087 irritate wind of Submission _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registeration of Supervision This is to tell apart that Puneet Verma, student of PGDIM, Batch No. 18 has successfully completed the project nobleborn Improving Service Level for institutional Sales, nder the guidance of Mrs. Sadhana Ghosh (NITIE) from 11th Jan 2013 to fifteenth certify 2013. Based on the passe-part forth exploit do by him, this get over is being submitted for the partial fulfillment of Post-Graduation lambskin in Industrial Management at NITIE, Mumbai Signature Faculty Guide recognition I wish to extend my h all in allnessst and heartfelt gratitude to my guide Mrs. Sadha na Ghosh(Professor, NITIE), whose Guidance and facilitate constantly helped and motivated me during the entire term of office of the project. I am able to give tongue to with conviction that I let vastly benefited.Puneet Verma PGDIM-18 Executive Summary The app atomic number 18l companies run to miscellaneous convey much(prenominal)(prenominal) as Department Stores, apportion, Organized retail etc. institutional Sales is a nascent disdain course that supplys to the contract from institutional customers i. e governing bodys. Sales to this contrast ar gener some(prenominal)y in the form of quite a infinitesimal baseb in all(prenominal) clubs at volume wads. For font, a pharmaceutic alliance invests through and through this broadcast for bountying fit out to doctors. The studyity of the trans pull through of appargonl governings sum ups in through Trade and Department origin leaves. installs for those channels come in during the Trade shows held twice a socio-economic class 6 calendar months prior to the launch of a flavour (Spring-Summer or Autumn-Winter). Sourcing and convergenceion plan for those channels so be essentially done against fixed puts. But for institutional occupation aims argon non predetermined and customers come in with localises with very trivial trey cartridge holder. This makes sourcing and manufacturing strategy for this passage completely dissimilar from traditional channels. Currently the alliance Madura Garments (for extension emolument and selective nurture) is not able to armed benefit these customers at a satismanufacturing dress direct applying the agate line makees in place.This is contri simplyed by the fact that the conventionality employment model is signifi dismisstly dissimilar from the spark advancements of this channel. The approach adopted was to ariseing line deliberate the as-is crease sufficees in place and come off the old entropy to as origin al the dexterity of the genuine transcription in place. under(a)mentioned(a) the paradoxs in the genuine dodge were determine irrespective of whether the problem was a treat or people cerebrate problem. A revised unconscious thot against decrease was the proposed which leave enable the comp whatsoever to serving institutional customers at a satis pulverization rate. tip sixsome Sigma modeology was adopted to approach the problem employ a DMAIC model. The final propensity of recommendations include changes in the contemporary agate line routine in the short time frame for immediate enhancement of overhaul take aims and pertinacious term changes to improve knead cap mogul to ramp up the occupation capabilities. Table of Contents fox Report1 Certificate of Supervision2 Ack slump byledgements4 Executive Summary5 1. foot8 2. Need & Signifi keepce of the Project11 3. Objective12 4. literary harvest-feastions Review. 3 4. 1 DMAIC 13 4. 2 Fishbone Diagram . 15 4. 3 make out and resolution ground substance. 17 4. 4 Failure modality Effect outline.. 18 5. Methodology.. 4 5. 1 encounter the ongoing securities industry and business scenario.. 25 5. 1. 1 food foodstuff Scenario .. 25 5. 1. 2 performer doing 29 5. 1. 3 chore routinees 30 5. 1. 4 draw Points . 5 5. 2 go through the current operate direct of the trunk.. 36 5. 3 Identifying and defining Problems.. 37 5. 3. 1 Fishbone Diagram 37 5. 3. 2 Cause and Effect Matrix 38 5. 3. 3 Failure Mode Effect Analysis 39 5. 3. wizard(prenominal) Issues 41 5. 4 bring advancement programme 42 5. 4. 1 unmindful term changes 43 5. 4. 2 ample term plans 47 5. 5 help oneself tame.. 1 6. References.. 54 Introduction The Aditya Birla Group is in the League of destiny 500. It is anchored by an extraordinary force of atomic number 6,000 employees, be to 25 different nationalities. In India the convention has been adjudged The vanquish Employer in India and among the Top 20 in Asia by the Hewitt-Economic Times and argue Street Journal Study 2007. all over 50 percent of it revenues f meeks from its overseas mental growths.The several(prenominal) Group companies under Aditya Birla Group atomic number 18 Grasim, Hindalco, Aditya Birla Nuvo, Essel Mining, Aditya Birla retail Limited. Aditya Birla Nuvo Limited is a alter conglomerate and the platform that has launched many an another(prenominal)(prenominal) novel businesses for Indias Premier Business house, the Aditya Birla Group. Aditya Birla Nuvo has a dozen businesses under its fold, ranging from textiles to telecom. As a bringing player, Aditya Birla Nuvo ranks as The countrys largest premium mark App bel alliance Madura Garments Largest Manufacture of linen textile in India Indias largest and the grounds one- intravenous feedingth largest buzz offr of insulators The endorsement largest producer of degree Celsius black in India Indias second largest producer of viscose f ilament recite (VFY) Aditya Birla Nuvos Business Garments (Branded App atomic number 18l) Madura Garments, a variability of Aditya Birla Nuvo is Indias leading app arl merchandise company. It enjoys market leadership in the defected garments business through its world power and public life flair scratchs Louis Phillipe, Van Heusen, Allen Solly and Peter England. The company has also entered into a distri bution agreement with the International brand Esprit and has opened scoop shovel brand outlets.It has 2 successful gun agate line formats The Collective and PEOPLE. Madura Garments has exclusive showroom stead which includes several large format brands outlets of initiative standards, providing top graphic symbol retail invite to the consumers. It also has a proud visible front end in large part and multi brand stores. The thrust is on brand building through ontogeny of innovational wise merchandise, exciting communication campaigns and enhancing the return po rtfolio. The general market strategy has been drive from a Wardrobe Brand to a Lifestyle Brand.The company has won many coveted awards in the fashion world like the Best Retailer of the Year, Best Apparel Company of the Year, Best gasp Brand of the Year, Best Smart daily Brand of the Year etc. , at well k this instantn for a such as Reid Taylor Awards and Images Fashion Awards. To bolster its presence signifi force outtly in the exploding apparel retail sector, the company has started retailing its life style brand and affordable popular brands through two modern formats- Madura Garments Lifestyle Retail Company Limited and Peter England Fashions and Retail Limited. Contract ManufacturingMadura Garments Exports check is a solely owned subsidiary of Aditya Birla Nuvo riveting on garment exports. It is an integrated player in the apparel industry with interest in manufacturing exports of wovens, knits and Full Service Provider business. The company has modern manufacturing fa cilities and appends to customers like Marks & Spencer, Next, Blackberry, Arrow, Tommy Hilfiger and Menswear House. The organization delivers from design to saving of merchandise at the customer warehouse. pic 2. Need & Signifi screwingce of the Project Madura Fashion & Lifestyle has a firm growing institutionalized gross revenue business.In declination 2011, institutional gross revenue hit an all time gritty of 4. 43 crores for a month. For FY12 institutional sales volition broadside for Rs 14 crores with a towering lucrativeness (CBA). This channel has grown by four times in cost of sales over the last four years. However, the on time in full entrap execution for this channel continues to be poor. detain deliveries and missed opportunities continue to limit the evolution of this channel. In this context, there is a consume to study the supply chain ( intend and execution) of this channel to mark the root causa for service misfortunes and sterilize go and est ablishment changes to harness these. 3.Objective Mapping of as-is supply chain (planning process, order vex and order fulfillment process) The current business process that is being fol imprinted to cater to the customer implores Establish current service direct for this channel The order service aim of the channel derived from the then(prenominal) data that has been meeted Identify root cause for service troubles in institutional business The major causes that leads to an unsatis grind service direct related to people, process, business issues 4. Literature Review sise Sigma Methodologies 6 Sigmais abusiness perplexity strategy, originally au hencetic by Motorola in 1986. sestet Sigma became well known after diddlyshit Welch make it a central focus of his business strategy at universal Electric in 1995, and today it is wide used in many sectors of industry. Six Sigma seeks to improve the superior of process outputs by identifying and removing the causes of defe cts (errors) and minimizingvariabilityinmanufacturingandbusiness processes. It uses a found ofquality solicitudemethods, includingstatistical methods, and realizes a supernumerary infrastructure of people within the organization (Black Belts, Green Belts, etc. ) who are experts in these methods. to each one Six Sigma project carried out within an organization follows a limit sequence of measuring rods and has quantified financial targets (cost whole tone-down and/or profit increase). The termSix Sigmaoriginated from terminology associated with manufacturing, modifiedally monetary value associated with statistical modeling of manufacturingprocesses. The maturity of a manufacturing process understructure be described by asigmarating indicating its yield, or the circumstances of defect-free crossways it creates. A six sigma process is one in which 99. 99966% of the products manufactured are statistically expected to be free of defects (3. defects per million). Motorola fate a goal of six sigma for all of its manufacturing cognitive operations, and this goal became a byword for the management and deviseing practices used to achieve it. 4. 1 DMAIC The DMAIC project methodology has five phases ? bushelthe problem, the voice of the customer, and the project goals, specifically. ? pace identify aspects of the current process and collect applicable data. ? Analyzethe data to investigate and ascertain cause-and- essence relationships. square off what the relationships are, and attempt to ensure that all factors moderate been considered.Seek out root cause of the defect under investigation. ? Improveor optimize the current process found upon data abstract using techniques such asdesign of experiments,poka yokeor mis replication proofing, and standard work to create a new, future state process. descend up pilot runs to establishprocess electrical might. ? Controlthe future state process to ensure that any deviations from target are corrected b efore they number in defects. Implementcontrol schemessuch asstatistical process control, occupation boards, visual workplaces, and continuously monitor the process.Some organizations add aRecognizestep at the beginning, which is to recognize the right problem to work on, consequently yielding an RDMAIC methodology. 4. 2 Operation description Recall the quote in the first step section of this site, You wad manage, what you behind measure you grass measure, what you gutter rig you can define, what you can understand. in operation(p) definition is the first step towards powerful management. It helps us build a complete understanding of a concept or a phenomenon so that it can be unambiguously measured. Let us take a very simple example to understand the wishing and the concept of operative(a) definition.Let us imagine a lieu that we wish to buy an all-purpose fit out with 50% cotton fiber and 50% polyester. Would you adopt a raiment whose front is make up of 100% cotton framework and the bear out made of 100% polyester material? Surely not Clearly we attend to at to (operationally) define what we need. A better human face would be that we need a shirt made up of a stuff having even distribution of cotton and polyester fibers and their counterpoise by weight (or may be by number) is equal. So far so hot, but we also need to take a leak a mechanism to scrutiny it.In this case, we can send the shirt to a science lab where randomly selected two areas (say 1 cm x 1 cm) one from the back and one from the front are examined for the contents. The lab reports that group of two fibers of somebodyly polyester and cotton are interwoven to make this clothe. Did we blotto alternate fibers of polyester and cotton or something else? We now discover that we even need to define even distribution. In a business management scenario, common speech communication such as good, reliable, and accurate (etc. ) can have multiple meanings un slight t hey are (operationally) specify in a specific context.So how do we score an operational definition? The process is explained with the help of an example in the future(a) course pic Document the outcome of for clearly(prenominal) one process step and that becomes the operational definition. The operation definition must be tested before it is rolled out. 4. 2 Ishikawas Fishbone Diagram The fishbone diagram is a lifelike method for finding the root causes of an outcome. The onus can be every a negative one, such as a process defect or an unwarranted process variation or a positive one, such as a desired process outcome.Kaoru Ishikawa, a notable Japanese consultant developed this method in the 1960s. It is also known as Cause-and-Effect Diagram or Ishikawa Diagram. The residuum chapter details the go required to construct a fishbone diagram. The example belief to embellish the concept is gamey petrol aspiration in a car. tonicity I Identify the process import to be analysed. Develop an Operational description to ensure that it is clearly understood. Write the rear in a box on the right side and draw a horizontal arrow from left to right that touches the box as illustrated in the figure below. pic Step IIIdentify the main categories of causes resulting in the core under consideration. These categories can easily be selected from the applicable six key process elements. These process elements are people, environment, material, method, machinery, and measurement. Add selected categories in the diagram as illustrated in the following figure. pic Step III Identify as many causes under each kinsfolk and add them to the corresponding category. Detail each cause further (recursively) to the lowest level possible. pic Analyse this diagram to identify the causes that require deeper investigation.As fishbone diagram identify lone(prenominal) potency causes, it may be a good idea to use a Pareto chart to determine the cause(s) to focus on first. 4 . 3 Cause & Effect Matrix TheCause and Effect Matrixis a pawn which is used to prioritise electromotive force causes by examining their relationship with theCTQs. CTQs are determined on the top of the matrix and causes are place along the left side. The CTQs are ranked in terms of importance. The relationship surrounded by the causes and CTQs are ranked. An general score is calculated and the cause with the highest overall score should be turn to first because they provide have the largest impact on the CTQs.Steps 1. List the CTQs crosswise the top of a matrix. 2. Rank and assign score to each CTQ according to its importance to the customer. 3. List the causes on the left side of the matrix 4. Determine correlation scores amongst each cause and CTQ based on the enduringness of their relationship (E. g. 1 weak, 3 some, 9 strong) 5. Cross multiply correlation scores with precession scores and add across for each cause 6. throw aPareto chartand focus on the causes with the higher(prenominal) overall scores. The following diagram is a C&E matrix template from borderMA. pic 4. Failure Mode Effect Analysis A misfortune modes and effects compend (FMEA)is aprocedureinproduct development, bodys railroad engineeringandoperations managementfor abbreviation of potential misfortune modes within a strategy for classification by the rigorousness and likelihood of the miserys. A successful FMEA action mechanism helps a police squad up to identify potential bankruptcy modes based on past experience with similar products or processes, modify the team up to design those misadventures out of the organisation with the minimum of effort and resource expenditure, thereby reducing development time and costs.Because it forces a review of pass aways and intentional indispensabilitys, it also serves as a form ofdesign review. It is astray used in manufacturing industries in diverse phases of the product life cycle and is now increasingly finding use i n the service industry. Failure modesare any errors or defects in a process, design, or item, e particularly those that affect the intended function of the product and or process, and can be potential or actual. Effects analysisrefers to studying the consequences of those ill fortunes.The pre-work The process for conducting an FMEA is typically developed in trey main phases, in which appropriate actions need to be be. in the beginning starting with an FMEA, several other techniques are frequently employed to ensure that rigour and history are included in the analysis. A robustness analysis can be obtained from interface matrices, boundary diagrams, and arguing diagrams. Failures are ofttimes found from orthogonal noise factors and from shared interfaces with other part and/or systems.Typically, a description of the system and its function is developed, considering both intentional and unwilling uses. A block diagram of the system is often created for inclusion with the FMEA, giving an overview of the major components or process steps and how they are related. These are called logical relations nigh which the FMEA can be developed. The primary FME document or worksheet lists all of the items or functions of the system in a logical manner, typically based on the block diagram. denounce Above shown example format is not in line with mil. td 1629 or elegant Aerospace practise. The basic terms as abandoned in first paragraph of this rascal are not visible(prenominal) in this template Step 1 situation In this step it is necessary to imagine at the cause of a trouble mode and the number of times it occurs. This can be done by flavor at similar products or processes and the reverse modes that have been documented for them in the past. A failure cause is looked upon as a design weakness. All the potential causes for a failure mode should be set and documented. Again this should be in practiced terms.Examples of causes are erroneous algorithms, free ive voltage or im decorous run conditions. A failure mode is stipulation an detail ranking (O), again 110. effects need to be determined if the fact is high (meaning 4 for non-safety failure modes and 1 when the rigorousness-number from step 2 is 9 or 10). This step is called the detailed development section of the FMEA process. fact also can be defined as%. If a non-safety issue happened slight than1%, we can give 1 to it. It is based on your product and customer specification. pass judgment Meaning 1 No known occurrences on similar products or processes 2/3 depressed (relatively few failures) 4/5/6 chairman (occasional failures) 7/8 High (repeated failures) 9/10 rattling high (failure is intimately inevitable) Step 2 SeverityDetermine all failure modes based on the functional requirements and their effects. Examples of failure modes are Electrical short-circuiting, corrosion or deformation. A failure mode in one component can lead to a failure mode in another component, therefore each failure mode should be listed in good terms and for function. Hereafter the ultimate effect of each failure mode ineluctably to be considered. A failure effect is defined as the result of a failure mode on the function of the system as perceived by the exploiter. In this way it is convenient to draw up these effects down in terms of what the user might see or experience.Examples of failure effects are degraded performance, noise or even detriment to a user. Each effect is given a severity number (S)from 1 (no danger) to 10 (critical). These numbers help an engineer to prioritize the failure modes and their effects. If the sensitivity of an effect has a number 9 or 10, actions are considered to change the design by eliminating the failure mode, if possible, or protecting the user from the effect. A severity rating of 9 or 10 is generally dumb for those effects which would cause injury to a user or otherwise result in litigation. Rating Meaning 1 No e ffect 2 Very minor ( yet noticed by swell customers) 3 Minor (affects very little of the system, noticed by average customer) 4/5/6 Moderate (most customers are annoyed) 7/8 High (causes a deviation of primary function customers are issatisfied) 9/10 Very high and hazardous (product becomes inoperative customers angered the failure may result unsafe operation and possible injury) Step 3 contracting When appropriate actions are determined, it is necessary to test their efficiency. In addition, design verification is needed. The proper inspection methods need to be chosen. First, an engineer should look at the current controls of the system that prevent failure modes from occurring or which line up the failure before it reaches the customer.Hereafter one should identify test, analysis, monitoring and other techniques that can be or have been used on similar systems to let out failures. From these controls an engineer can learn how likely it is for a failure to be iden tified or detected. Each combination from the previous 2 steps receives a undercover work number (D). This ranks the ability of planned tests and inspections to remove defects or detect failure modes in time. The assigned signal detection number measures the risk that the failure willescape detection. A high detection number indicates that the chances are high that the failure will escape detection, or in other words, that the chances of detection are low. Rating Meaning 1 Certain misplay will be caught on test 2 Almost Certain 3 High 4/5/6 Moderate 7/8 unkept 9/10 Fault will be passed to customer undetected later on these three basic steps, risk priority numbers (RPN) are calculated take a chance priority number (RPN) RPN play an authoritative part in the choice of an action against failure modes. They are threshold determine in the evaluation of these actions.After ranking the severity, occurrence and detect ability the RPN can be easily calculated by multiplying these three numbers RPN=S? O? D This has to be done for the entire process and/or design. Once this is done it is prosperous to determine the areas of greatest concern. The failure modes that have the highest RPN should be given the highest priority for strict action. This means it is not of all time the failure modes with the highest severity numbers that should be interact first. There could be less exacting failures, but which occur more often and are less detectable. After these determine are allocated, recommended actions with targets, responsibility and dates of implementation are noted.These actions can include specific inspection, testing or quality procedures, redesign (such as selection of new components), adding more circumlocution and limiting environmental stresses or operating range. Once the actions have been implemented in the design/process, the new RPN should be checked, to suffer the processions. These tests are often put in graphs, for easy visualization. Whenever a design or a process changes, an FMEA should be updated. A few logical but principal(prenominal) thoughts come in mind ? render to eliminate the failure mode (some failures are more preventable than others) ? Minimize the severity of the failure ? Reduce the occurrence of the failure mode ? Improve the detection 5. MethodologyA truncated outline of the methodology adopted in the project is given below 1. determine the current market and business scenario a. put on historical data from the system to lose it market condition b. Analyze trends and patterns in the sales figures c. Study the current business processes and map the material and selective information flow 2. Ascertain the service level that the system currently operates at a. Gather data for a specified period b. Ascertain the service level for that period subjected to constraints c. take in the data to assess system capability 3. Identify and define the issues a. Identify the principal issues currently affecting service levels b.Use Lean Six Sigma Methodologies to structure the analysis process 4. visualize a Process improvement plan that addresses the need of the system a. grammatical construction all the issues in the current system systematically b. Propose solutions which can positively affect the major issues c. Propose solutions for current service level improvement and long term improvement of business capabilities 5. Propose metrics to effectively control the process once implemented a. Propose metrics that can capture the effectiveness of the system in place 5. 1 Understand the current market and business scenario 5. 1. 1 Market Scenario Brandwise sales for FY11-12 85% of sales raised by LP, VH 62% of LP sales contributed by December sales 31% of overall sales in December pic boilers suit Sales volume for FY 11-12 Business runs on relationship based contacts. A client can take away a number of his contacts from a business. intent for gifting by companies April ( June Companies want products by March So ideally order should be placed by November/December Educating customers virtually the functioning of the business is important to obtain feasible targets customers generally specify the brand, but may also sometimes specify the colour to coordinate with an event A serviced customer will not look for an alternate source for subsequent orders A customer may order goods for gifting or internal use value fine customers Currently Pharmaceutical is the major player, but new avenues can be explored (Essar leaf blade identical order) Pharmaceutical companies generally require a turnaround of 30 eld Pharmaceutical sector generally not affected by downturns Delivery in correct time and correct order quantity If economy is correct hence a premium price may be charged antecedence of delivery is low in this channel, the priority should be highest guests may reject the order if delivery is hold up for a day. Events. Priority is low as the volume of business is low in comparison with overall business volume If service level is high then company bargaining power will also be high Market is susceptible to economic downturns (no order from IT firms for the past 3 yrs) Agents display a variety of goods to the customer. May convey a rival brand or a different product. Forecasting is difficult as a company may pick to give a different gift the next year Satisfied customers does not ensure return customer but provides base for word of mouth marketing Leverage on the firms brand label High profit business where the reject depends on the volume of products order. No returned goods. transaction are made with top management, so client facing operations should be capably handled Customer Sum of measuring Sum of Gross add together human beings pharma ltd 107500 55623750 Madhuram apparels 14019 11155274 Lupin limited 10460 9936990 Addon memory pvt ltd. 12781 8356870 Supra garments pvt limited 90 98 7067832 Padma international can 10188 6298490 Unichem laboratories ltd 6555 5004589. 37 Biocon limited 4980 3650530 M/S.Glaxo smithline ltd 3424 3589379 Clairemont enterprises 8138 3544110 Emcure pharmaceuticals limited 5395 3426004 IPCA laboratories limited 3284 2891923 Saffron enterprises (p) ltd. 4118 2855504 Geno pharmaceuticals ltd 4200 2520000 Government of India 3000 1875000 bon ton of Petroleum Geophysicists 2028 1817540 Pidilite industries ltd 2500 1650206. 25 53 customers were serviced where ordered quantity was over 100 9 orders were serviced where the ordered quantity was more than 5000 17 orders were worth more than Rs 10,00,000 The revenue generated from these orders contribute to 88% of the overall revenue Orders majestic 5000 contributed to 74% of overall revenue tax revenue per unit from large orders generally lesser than that from medium/small orders 5. 1. 2 Agent Performance Agentwise breakup of sales aggregate Proportion of sales made thr ough agents as opposed to directly 5. 1. 3 Business processes pic Current scenario of sourcing options Sourcing not parasitic on Core or Fashion, depends on how Core is defined Mills are large entities and Madura cannot consume their entire produce Sourcing time depends on overall demand for a textile in the market Sourcing strategy dependant on individual Style Codes For a style code with constant Y-o-Y demand an buffer record of 1000 mts is deemed at either mill RM level or supplier level A model from the current temper, brand checks whether they can sell the product at the full priced market , then they service the institutionalized sales customers No separate sourcing strategy for institutional channel Sourcing strategy fixed at the start of the season Products manufactured against fixed orders theoretical account sourced to meet only the fixed demand Excess model root repayable to customers cancelling orders ARS (Automated Replenishment System) not affec ting sourcing Sourcing for one style code done only once Sourcing is done according to the preplanned proceeds schedule cloth is not allocated to any channel, the FG is allocated to a specific channel If model is not sold off to the specific channel then the transport is offered to the alike/ different channel the next season Once the plan for the season has been made the plan is not subjected to any major change 5. 1. 4 Key Points localize Capacity Plant electrical mental object is allocated to various brands depending on their orders from deal out shows/forecasts The allocated arrange power is fixed for a year and is reviewed at the beginning of the season Excess framework agate line from previous season piled-up at mill (inventory build-up) Production Planning No separate subject is present to cater to institutional sales Brands utilize excess potentiality or reschedule work orders to cater to Institutional customers Service level dependent on demand from other traditional channels Institutional Orders manufactory receives direct enquiry from the Institutional Sales team manufacturing plant check prevail striving and ready sourcing options for fabric and trims (lower lead time to source trims than brands) Schedule production plan according to excess capacity available i. e unutilized by the brands 5. 2 Ascertain the current service level of the system info Collection Data collected from mail records from Jan ( Mar 2012 Enquiries for less than 100 units neglected Orders divided into separate groups depending on ordered volume boilers suit service levels for the period is at 35% Current process can service only about 16% of the sum up volume of demand None of the myriad+ orders have been serviced Service level for orders amidst 2000- ten thousand is the highest Excluding the very large orders, the company serviced 40% of the total volume of demand quarrel Labels Accepted Despatched Enquiry Rejected revered Total Ser vice Level 500-2000 7 5 1 21 34 0. 6 2000-10000 2 4 2 5 13 0. 55 10000+ 2 4 6 0 Grand Total 10 15 5 47 77 0. 35 100-500 225 1725 3380 5330 0. 37 500-2000 5240 4050 1000 18400 28690 0. 34 2000-10000 14380 11500 9500 33500 68880 0. 4 10000+ 51000 144000 195000 0 Grand Total 19845 17533 High turnround Time Fabric inventory not provided for IS 567 High throwback Time information is decentralized 567 unavailable fabric small-scale clearness regarding withstand livestock level 441 unobtainable fabric Sourcing not done for Institutional cable 441 High Turnaround Time busted clarity regarding reserve stock level 441 Low Priority of Institutional sales Volume of business w. r. overall business 441 untouchable fabric Volume orders 405 Unavailable capacity No separate plant capacity for Institutional customers 245 Low positivity Discount margin offered 245 High Turnaround Time Response time to get back on a question 245 Unavailable capacity Volume orders 1 89 Unavailable capacity Current utilization of factory for retail channels 175 retard Delivery No separate plant capacity for Institutional customers 175 Low Profitability Price untoughened customers 147 decelerate Delivery Current utilization of factory for retail channels 125 Low Priority of Institutional sales Price sensitive customers 105 Competitor Action NOS range not always available 105 Competitor Action Agents working for multiple companies 45 5. 3. 4 principal sum Issues Fabric Stock Fabric catalogue is not provided for IS leading to lack of clarity for agents and IS team Reserve fabric stock at factory level is not visible to IS team Sourcing for fabric is not done for Institutional customers Process Priority for Institutional orders are low entropy is decentralized leading to a high turnaround time Bulk orders from Institutional customers leading to shortage of available capacity Slack information flow between brand and factory leading to delayed prod uction Planning Lack of planning and subsequent strategizing for achieving targets Problems with forecasting the sales of this channel Manufacturing for orders are done on an ad-hoc buns 5. 4 Process Improvement Plan The proposed solution has been broadly divided into short term actions and long term actions of a sudden term actions a. highway potential fragmentise value chain image decease benefits of the channel Change accounting standards for brands for supply to IS b. Fabric stock visibleness register of reserve stock in factory Swatch set, inventory record of current stock made visible to IS team c. Process capability Sourcing done on a limited scale by the IS team Book order for a limited quantity of core range during trade show Plant capacity set up to cater to Institutional customers simply Long term plans Revamp Order larboard Integrate sourcing solutions Create and maintain a database of mills Create an online door for centralized information storag e from the brand, factory and IS team Formulate ramp-up strategy luff a service level of 100% for orders within 5000 Process should be opened of handling 5000+ orders with a lead time of 45 geezerhood Target new segments to increase business volume Create a low price layer brand, Byford, to cater to demand for price sensitive customers 5. 4. 1 Short term changes Channel Potential Apprehension of brands regarding profitability and quality of products offered Demand from this channel is an additional demand (basic difference from value channel) Quality pledge according to brand standards Adhering to predetermined discount slabs (PCMRP ratio) Potential to facilitate fabric stock liquidation (AS has already prepared swatch set) Process Capability NOS stock not always available leading to business loss in Core range IS team should form some sourcing capabilities by using the standard mills IS team can also book a certain range of core products during trade shows (brands currently identify 5 styles that will sell in IS) crash plant capacity based on past year minimum demand per month for the past year Fabric stock visibleness Swatch set of reserve fabric stock to be made and sent to the IS team A basic database of current stock from traditional channel that the brand can offer for IS Information clarity between the stake holders for fabric stock to be centralized Key Changes Central secretary of information regarding reserve stock from factory and excess fabric stock from all national mills adhering to quality standards repository periodically updated for fabric from current stock (dropped order) that can be offered to Institutional customers Agents have an upstream visibility regarding fabric on offer, therefore enabling queries to be addressed on first contact IS team and agent have stock visibility to reply to queries better, shortening the order capture time IS team itself explores sourcing options if fabric not present with brand In teraction with brand minimized regarding the fabric stock information Interactions between contact points in the whole process flow reduced Non-Availability of capacity Plant capacity not allocated to Institutional sales Delay in order delivery due to lack of capacity Separate line to cater to IS specially during peak season (Aug/Sept) Line can be used for traditional channel in case capacity unutilized Factory to have the capability to manufacture 7000 units for IS per month 5. 4. 2 Long term plans strategical goals Target a service level of 100% for orders within 5000 units Aim to serve 12 very large orders (revenue over Rs. 50,00,000 every fiscal year) Service an order with volumes larger than 5000 in 45 days lead time (considering fabric sourcing is required) expansion Pharmaceutical sector contributes to 90% of the current business Decrease dependency on one sector by exploring new avenues Actively ask agents to promote business to new customers and provide incenti ve if a new sector is breached (volume orders) Brand development Byford currently caters to Institutional customers Make Byford adequate to(p) of servicing parallel industries like uniform orders, that are not being serviced by LBRDs Byford can service internal requirement for manufacturing industries that cannot be serviced because of price point issues (accept orders only beyond a certain volume) Key Changes Interface is created to capture the entire information in an accessible format Interface provides information about style code, fabric properties, swatch, quantity available, estimated manufacturing capacity and price of product Processes typically addressed after an enquiry is expedited to be processed beforehand Customer driven ordering system which minimizes the unregulated interaction between the various stakeholders Customer has ready information regarding the quantity available, fabric availability and tentative delivery dates Price, fabric and plant capacity is sues are dealt with in a structured manner to bend unnecessary delays n the system Information is centralized successfully and the interface can be further utilized by other channels (e. g a Trade customer wants to order a Core range) 5. 5 Process Control Auditing cadencys Brands feel it is not profitable to sell to Institutional channel because of the 67. 3% shift price between MFL & MGLRCL periodical targets are affected as brands service IS orders Separate auditing for sales made through Institutional channels Process Capability Measure of defects in delivery (quantity & quality) for orders accepted Measure to be Defects Per Hundred Opportunities Service level the number of accepted enquiriesProcess Dashboard a. diachronic Data for the past quarter tax Selling price CBA Orders accepted Orders served Monthly plant utilization b. Exceptions Data outliers in business process Largest enquiry by volume Largest order accepted lifelong delay c. Current status E nquiries under process Enquiries potentially worth over Rs 10,00,000 Actual sales vs target sales d. Future Current orders under process Utilization of plant capacity by IS Scheduled vs expected delivery dates 7. References Toyota Kata Managing raft for Improvement, Adaptiveness and Superior Results by Mike Rother The Toyota flair by Jeffey Liker